安達 悠子

Objectives: To determine the risk perceptions of a series of medical practices in non-expert (undergraduates) and expert (nurses) samples. Methods: Four hundred and forty-seven nurses and 246 undergraduate students participated in this study. They all answered questionnaires about the risk dimensions and acceptance for medical practices. Results: An exploratory factor analysis on participants' answers to various dimensions of risk yielded a two-factor structure for risk perception in both samples: for nurses, the factors were "Unknown" and "Dread," while for students, they were "Dread" and "Lack of Independence." For both nurses and students, the factor scores of Dread negatively related to individual risk acceptance of medical practices. Furthermore, nurses tended to be more accepting of practices that they knew well (i.e., low Unknown scale scores). For students, the subscale scores of the Lack of Independence factor negatively related to individual risk acceptance only for health examination practices. Nurses conceived risks more correctly and concretely compared to students. This was especially pronounced for practices related to medication use. Conclusions: Although both nurses and students conceived various risk contents from medical practices, their conceptions still differed. Knowledge of these differences in the structure of risk perception and conceived risk contents of various medical practices between nurses and students could be utilized to improve risk communication in clinical practice.

違反事例と違反理由を収集して分類・分析し、違反生起と心理的要因(リスク評価、ベネフィット要因、抵抗感)との関連を検討した。看護師を対象として質問紙を配布した。違反内容は21項目、理由は13項目に分類された。報告件数は作業の実施頻度の高さを反映し、機会があった時にその違反をしがちであることとは必ずしも一致しないことが示された。心理的要因では、概してハイリスク、ローリターン、高い抵抗感を感じながらも違反が行われている傾向が見られた。主観頻度とベネフィットに正の相関、主観頻度と抵抗感に強い負の相関が見られた。看護師と看護管理者のリスク評価を比較し、二つの違反項目のリスク評価に関して、看護師と看護管理者に認識のずれがあり、違反の程度に関して、看護師と看護管理者の間に差があった。