安藤 加菜子

<p>This paper aims to clarify how getting a doctoral degree relates to administrative expertise as a government official, based on qualitative research. Previous studies that focus on the degrees and educational backgrounds of public officials suggest that holding a PhD is associated with more active engagement in policy agenda setting and that academic expertise and educational attainment may influence performance. However, how these characteristics of PhD holders are connected to administrative expertise has not been sufficiently examined. To address this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with PhD holders working in the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Japan and with PhD holders employed by the Australian Government. The findings indicate that directly applying disciplinary expertise associated with a doctoral degree in day-to-day administrative work is difficult, and that this tendency does not appear to depend on whether the personnel system is open or closed. At the same time, the analysis shows that skills associated with doctoral training: namely (1) rapid learning and adaptability, (2) problem formulation and inquiry skills, (3) professional attitudes and resilience, (4) quantitative literacy, (5) foreign language proficiency, and (6) experiential knowledge gained through academic work, can contribute to the exercise of administrative expertise as government officials.</p>

仕事と子育てを両立させようとする有子女性は, 育児を担うことなく「制限なく働く労働者」として働くか, 育児を担いながら「子育てする労働者」として働くか, という「働き方の葛藤」に直面する. この葛藤は, 従来言われるような「仕事」か「子育て」かの二者択一に単純化できるものではない. しかし, 仕事と子育ての両立にかんする政府の公式見解や政府が展開する政策をみるかぎり, 働き方の葛藤が十分に認識されている様子は見えない. そこで本稿は, このような政策や見解が打ち出される前の段階の, 政策が形成される過程に注目する. 内閣府男女共同参画局に設置された「仕事と子育ての両立支援策に関する専門調査会」の議事録を分析し, 仕事と子育ての両立支援政策が想定する母親のあり方が, 働き方の葛藤を考慮しうるものであったかどうかを考察する.