宮入 興一

The paper attempts to assess the recovery processes from Hanshin-Awazi Earthquake Disaster, and to comment on earthquake countermeasures on reconstruction of public sectors, especially of central government and Kobe municipal government. Reconstrction from the disaster has been planned, financed and carried out these past five years. I would like to suggest we consider the topic of reconstruction finances with two axes in mind. The fist axis relates to the historical recognition; when, where and why did the earthquake disaster occur? The second axis rerates to the levels of government that have been concerned with earthquake reconstruction: central government-local government(especially municipal government). According to these two axes, prior attempts to investigate reconstruction finances have been inconclusive. Our study starts from understanding the earthquake disaster as a typical one which has happned in one of big cities in the 20th century, and which would suggest the 21th century society should be. On the basis, we investigate synthetically the reconstruction processes of central government and Kobe municipal government. Several important remedies for fiscal problems concernd with earthquake reconstruction can be find in the last section.

1998-1999

1998-1999

The Isahaya-Bay Sea Reclamation Project is a big national public work which has two objectives:(1) to be to produce productive farmland, and(2) to prevent disaster in the area. But the project has no choice but to destroy environment in the bay for accomplishing the purpos(1). Nevertheless, the cost-benefit analisis of the project does not preciously count in the cost of environment of Isahaya-bay which whould be demolished by the construction work of the project. Moreover the analisis overestimates the benefit whould be gained by the public work. In this paper it is explained, how and why the cost-benefit analisis of the reclamation project made not a few gross mistakes, and what a system of cost-benefit evaluation must be. The correct system of evaluation leads us to the conclusion: the existing project is not a wise choice, and we can able to take a few better alternatives.

Earthquakes destroy lives. After meeting the immediate needs of earthquake victimes, many other important needs remain. In the case of Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, once the initial crisis has passed,the needs of those impacted by the event did not dicline, but change. The most important needs of them were long term housings and job assistances. The objectives of them were to deliver relief both quickly and responsibly. In spite of the various attempts, the Japanese Government could not succeed to meet those objectives. This paper investigates the reason why the Japanese Government failed to meet the needs of earthquake victimes, especially their needs of returning quickly to the homes or communities they have lived, and returning to their nomal lives. Developping from the reserch, we are going to make a new proposal for reforming the Individual Relief System from disasters.