村瀬 智彦

金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between depression and life factors in the independent elderly living in regional cities. Data were collected from 1,269 people aged 60 or more in 7 regional cities (and towns). Seventeen question items representing 4 life-factors were selected and a questionnaire including a geriatric depression scale (GDS) was administered to them. Hayashi's quantification Theory (type I) was used to examine the relationship between depression and life factors. The main results were as follows: 1) Females have higher depression than males and people with a higher age-stage have higher depression. 2) Satisfaction to economical state and self-recognition to physical fitness and health relate to depression. 3) Also, going out, volunteer experience, and having best friends are important factors relating to depression.

In this study, we prepared estimation equations to discriminate health status based on physical fitness variables in middle-aged and elderly women. All subjects participated in medical check-ups and physical fitness tests. Multiple discriminant analysis was applied to prepare the estimation equations, and the correct discriminant probability was used to evaluate the validity of the equation. Physical fitness variables seleeted fcr the equation were BMI (body mass index), perent body fat grip strength, one-leg balance with eyes closed, reaction time, sit-ups, Vo_2may (maxitnal oxygen uptake) and age. The correct discriminant probabilities of discriminant functions obtained were 69.4%. This result indicates that it is possible to discriminate the health status with reasonable accrocy with the estimation equation based on the physical fitness items selected in this study. The estimation equations would be useful in various practical settings to maintain and promote health status in middle-aged and elderly women.

本研究では, 中高年者の健康度と体力測定における成績との関係を多次元的に分析するために重判別分析を用いて検討を行った.対象は30歳～60歳代の男女889名であった.健康群と治療群の判別のための評価基準によって分類された2群を体力測定の結果から最も適切に判別することが可能な判別関数を算出した.<BR>その結果, 正判別確率は男性で70.2%, 女性で68.2%であり, 中高年者の健康と体力との間には男女共に比較的高い関係があることが示唆された.また, 判別関数を用いて各個人の健康度を判別得点で表わし, その得点と各体力測定項目における成績との間の相関係数を算出したところ, 男女共に年齢及び筋持久力を代表する指標と健康度との間に高い相関関係が認められた.さらに, 男性においては特に全身持久力の指標と健康度との関連が高く, 女性では形態における項目で高い相関関係が認められた.つまり, 男性では日常生活における全身あるいは筋持久力の変化が健康状態の指標として重要であり, 女性では筋持久力の低下に加えて体格における変化が健康状態と密接な関係にあることが明らかになった.また, 健康度に対する各体力構成要素の貢献度は男女間で異なることが認められた.<BR>以上の結果は, 中高年者を対象とした運動指導の実践においては, 男性では筋持久力あるいは全身持久力の向上・維持を念頭におき, 女性では筋持久力だけではなく体格における変化にも注意して運動指導を行うことが重要であることを示唆していると考えられる.

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of discrimination and rating of force in grip, elbow flexion and extension for preschool children. The subjects were 20 healthy Japanese children (mean age: 5.7-5.9yrs) for each motion. Standard stimuli were 3 forces of 1.0 kgf, 2.0 kgf and 3.0 kgf, and comparison stimulus changed at an interval of 0.1 kgf. Consecutive discriminations of force in 3 motions were administered and the results were compared among both 3 standard stimuli and 3 motions with one-way ANOVA. Lower threshold (LT), upper threshold (UT) and interval of uncertainty (IU) were selected as variables in discrimination of force, and point of subjective equality (PSE) and absolute error (AE) in rating of force. Furthermore test-retest reliability of the discrimination of force was examined at standard stimulus of 2.0 kgf. Results were discussed for both the discrimination and rating of force. Pearson's correlation coefficients between two performances for LT and UT in 3 motions ranged from 0.642 to 0.841 (p &lt.01) . It was suggested that the method for discrimination of force in this study could be applied to preschool children. Performances in discrimination of force increased with a gain in standard stimulus for 3 motions, not in rating of force. LT, UT and IU in elbow flexion were larger than those in elbow extension, but the differences among 3 motions for PSE and AE were not clear.

The present study was designed to determine the relationships between motor ability based on maximum ability exertion tests and pass or fail tests in preschool children. A total of 192 healthy Japanese children aged 4.0 to 6.5 years were selected as subjects for this study. Twelve maximum ability exertion tests measuring motor ability elements and 14 pass or fail performance tests representing the fundamental movement domains were selected, and these tests were administered to the subjects. The factor analytic technique was applied to a correlation matrix, consisting of the 12 test variables to measure motor ability, to clarify the factorial structure of motor ability. To examine the relationships between motor ability factors and pass or fail tests, the theory of Quantification I and the biserial correlation method were used. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1) The motor ability in preschool children aged 4.0 to 6.5 years was considered to be composed of 5 motor ability factors: power, flexibility, muscular strength, balance, and muscular endurance. 2) The pass or fail tests representing the movements of "standing" and "jumping and throwing" were closely related to muscular endurance and power factors, respectively. Most of the tests concerning the movements of "walking and running" were not correlated significantly with any of the above 5 motor ability factors. 3) The pass or fail test battery showed a strong relationship with the motor ability measured by the maximum ability exertion test battery. Therefore it was suggested that the pass or fail test battery can estimate motor ability in preschool children.